by Shaina Fimbel
What Is Aromatherapy?
Human beings have lived
symbiotically with plants since the beginning of time, incorporating them into
their daily lifestyles through food, medicine, and ritual. Aromatherapy, defined by the National
Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA), is “the art and science of
utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences from plants to balance,
harmonize, and promote the health of body, mind and spirit”. This art of oils
can be traced back as far as 2800BC, when Egyptians commonly used the sap myrrh
from trees, and pharaohs were buried with urns containing aromatic resins
(1). Today it is still common to use solely
the oils of plants in attempt to naturally restore and enhance the health of
the body.
What Are Essential Oils?
Essential oils, the main
ingredients used in aromatherapy, are the highly concentrated aromatic extracts
that are distilled from plant materials (1).
Distillation of these oils occurs either through steam or
expression. In steam distillation, the
plant matter is steamed until it is broken down to its fragrant oils. These oils are then cooled, separated from
the water and filtered. In expression,
the oil is simply pressed out of the plant. In either method, one is left with
a highly concentrated essential oil (2).
There are several ways to use
essential oils on and around the body.
The safest and most common use of essential oils is massaging them over
a local area or the entire body. Because
the oils are so highly concentrated they must first be diluted in a carrier
oil, or the fatty acid portion of the plant.
Common carrier oils are derived from olives, avocados, rapeseeds and
almonds (1). Body oils are commonly made
into a 2% dilution, or 10 to 12 drops per ounce of carrier oil, before they are
applied (3).
Oils can also be used through
inhalation, which can produce psychological and physical results. The olfactory, or smelling, senses can link
with the rest of the body, causing certain regions to either be stimulated or
sedated. The aromatics also physically
come in contact with mucous membrane inside the nose and lungs, which allows it
to quickly travel through the body’s bloodstream. When using this method, three to five drops
can be placed in a bowl of hot water or into a tissue and inhaled (1). Oils can also easily be utilized by placing
three to 10 drops in a bathtub before bathing (3). Lastly, only under the recommendation of a
physician, oils are rarely prescribed for ingestion to aide with severe
gastrointestinal or respiratory issues (1).
It is important to properly store
essential oils, especially because some of the carrier oils can become
rancid. Oils are best kept in a cool
place (40 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit) with the lid secured tightly to prevent
oxygen from mixing with and degrading the oils.
When correctly stored, oils can last from six months to two years (1).
Top 10 Essential Oils
According to the NAHA and
“Aromatherapy” authors Kathi Keville and Mindy Green, the following oils are
the 10 most common essential oils, and the ways in which they support a healthy
body (1 and 3).
·
Bergamot: healthy mood and inflammation
·
Chamomile: healthy mood and inflammation,
antiallergenic, digestive and relaxant
·
Cypress: astringent, circulatory tonic,
antiseptic
·
Eucalyptus: respiratory issues, antibacterial
and benefits immunity
·
Geranium: balancing hormones, antifungal and
healthy inflammation
·
Lavender: antibacterial, benefits immunity,
healthy mood and inflammation
·
Marjoram: antispasmodic, healthy inflammation
and antiseptic
·
Peppermint: digestive, decongestant
·
Rosemary: relieves pain and muscle aches,
decongestant, circulatory tonic, mental and immune system stimulant
·
Tea Tree: antifungal, antiyeast, antibacterial
Safety and Precautions
While aromatherapy uses natural
oils from plants, there are still some potential dangers that surround this
practice. Because essential oils are
very highly concentrated, the key to aromatherapy is that “less is more.” Using more of an oil will not increase any
benefits, and may actually cause adverse effects such as irritation or burning
of the skin. Pregnant women should ask
their physician before starting aromatherapy and avoid hyssop oil. This practice is also not advised for people
with asthma, and lower dilutions are recommended for young children and the
elderly. Most importantly, one should
always read the label before using any product (3).
References:
1. National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy. <http://www.naha.org/index.html>
2. Aromatherapy.com. 2010. <http://www.aromatherapy.com>
3. Keville, Kathi and Mindy
Green. Aromatherapy a Complete Guide to
the Healing Art. Berkeley: Crossing Press, 2009.